Global Energy Trends

INFO 523 - Project Final

The goal of this project is to analyze the complex relationships between economic and population growth, sustainable energy practices, and energy consumption
Author
Affiliation

data detectives - Ayesha, Abhishek, Sheemithra, Toluwanimi, Valerie, Alyssa

School of Information, University of Arizona

Abstract

This project utilizes the comprehensive energy dataset from Our World in Data, spanning from 1900 to 2022, to examine the global energy consumption trends regarding economic growth, population dynamics, and the adoption of sustainable energy practices. The primary goal of the project is to design a predictive dashboard that models a nation’s energy consumption based on essential factors such as population size, GDP, and the proportion of electricity derived from renewable sources. The analysis will utilize a range of statistical and machine learning techniques, including time series decomposition, linear regression for key predictors, and regression analysis. We will evaluate the performance of these regression models using R-squared and Root Mean Squared Error (RMSE) metrics to gauge their accuracy and explanatory power. This evaluation is essential for enhancing predictive accuracy and reliability in energy policy formulation and planning. The project will analyze trends in the use of renewable energy at the regional and national levels, with a certain emphasis on emphasizing countries that lead the way in sustainable energy practices and those making progress toward lower greenhouse gas emissions. This analysis will provide crucial insights for industry and researchers dedicated to promoting energy sustainability and promoting economic growth.

Question 1

Is it possible to predict a nation’s power consumption by considering its population size, gross domestic product (GDP), and the percentage of electricity generated from renewable sources and changes across the years?

Mean Squared Error: 0.0002619234478424262
Mean Squared Error: 2.9373092712492876e-05
Mean Squared Error: 0.0001313336189156297
Mean Squared Error (Multiple Regression): 3.203271840932977e-05
Model: Population vs Energy Consumption
R-squared: 0.35314143440904566
RMSE: 0.016184049179436714
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Model: Gdp vs Energy Consumption
R-squared: 0.9306708673762986
RMSE: 0.0054196948910886925
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Model: Renewables_electricity vs Energy Consumption
R-squared: 0.6549275418223408
RMSE: 0.011460088084985635
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Multiple Regression Model:
R-squared: 0.9273399797855411
RMSE: 0.005659745436795702

Question 2

What countries or regions are engaging in sustainable energy practices and relying more on renewable energy compared to nonrenewable energy? Which countries are moving towards the trajectory of relying more on renewable energy and producing less greenhouse gas emissions?

Data Wrangling for Density Plot

Density plots for renewable and non-renewable energy for the continents

Renewables Consumption Plot

Visualizing the density plots for renewable consumption

Non-renewables consumption Plot

The visualization for the non-renewable consumption of energy

Repo Organization

The following folders comprise the project repository

  • .github/: This directory is designated for files associated with GitHub, encompassing workflows, actions, and templates tailored for issues.

  • _extra/: Reserved for miscellaneous files that don’t neatly fit into other project categories, providing a catch-all space for various supplementary documents.

  • _freeze/: Within this directory lie frozen environment files containing comprehensive information regarding the project’s environment configuration and dependencies.

  • data/: Specifically allocated for storing i data files crucial for the project’s functionality, encompassing input files, datasets, and other essential data resources.

  • images/: Serving as a repository for visual assets employed throughout the project, including diagrams, charts, and screenshots, this directory maintains visual elements integral to project documentation and presentation.

  • .gitignore: This file functions to specify exclusions from version control, ensuring that designated files and directories remain untracked by Git, thus streamlining the versioning process.

  • README.md: Serving as the primary hub of project information, this README document furnishes essential details encompassing project setup, usage instructions, and an overarching overview of project objectives and scope.

  • _quarto.yml: Acting as a pivotal configuration file for Quarto, this document encapsulates various settings and options governing the construction and rendering of Quarto documents, facilitating customization and control over document output.

  • about.qmd: This Quarto Markdown file supplements project documentation by providing additional contextual information, elucidating project purpose, contributor insights, and other pertinent project details.

  • index.qmd: index.qmd: This serves as the main documentation page for our project. This Quarto Markdown file provides detailed descriptions of our project, including all code and visualization.